Network planning determines where an airline deploys scarce aircraft, which passengers it connects, and whether the resulting timetable can make money. It combines demand forecasts, frequency, available airport slots, aircraft range, bilateral rights, yields and operating resilience. In the IndiGo planning conversation, Abhijit DasGupta describes route selection as a sequence of connected commercial and operational decisions. Behramjee Ghadially and Sean Mendis test the assumptions behind India's ambitions to build multiple international hubs. Antony Fernandes discusses the choices a smaller low-cost carrier makes when airspace closures and bilateral restrictions change the economics of a route. The result is a more rigorous approach to hub-and-spoke, point-to-point and connecting strategies than the language of new destinations alone can provide. This topic is airline-led network design. For how airports pitch, incentivise and win new services from carriers, explore Airport Route Development.